Penal substitution Biblical foundations of penal substitution 4 – Mark Biblical foundations of penal substitution 6 – Romans Can guilt be transferred? Criticisms of penal substitution Joel Green on penal substitution Must God punish sin? Needed: satisfaction for sin Objections to Penal Substitution 1 – Bible Objections to Penal Substitution 2 – Culture Objections to penal substitution 3 – violence Objections to penal substitution 4 – justice Objections to penal substitution 5 – God Objections to penal substitution 6 – the Christian life Penal substitution – the heart of atonement? Penal substitution an Anglican doctrine Penal substitution: a pastoral apologetic Penal substitution: reshaping the debate Propitiation PS Central? Punishment in the NT Puritans on penal substitution Questions about penal substitution Questions about penal substitutionary atonement Substitution: objections answered The logic of penal substitution Was ‘the wrath of God satisfied’ on the cross?