‘A ransom for many’ – sermon notes
The 2nd of a pair of sermons on Mark 10:45 “For even the Son of Man did ...
‘God is love, and…’
Steve Chalke's (and Alan Mann's) book, The Lost Message of Jesus, is, I suppose, ...
Biblical foundations of penal substitution 1 – Exodus 12
"The doctrine of penal substitution states that God gave himself in the person ...
Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 2 – Leviticus 16
The Book of Exodus raises the question, 'How can a holy God dwell in the midst ...
Biblical foundations of penal substitution 3 – Isaiah 53
Isaiah 53 (more properly 52:13-53:12) constitutes the fourth 'Servant Song'. ...
Biblical foundations of penal substitution 4 – Mark
Mark 10:45 - a ransom for many Penal substitution is implied in the word lytron ...
Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 5 – John’s Gospel
The Lamb of God John the Baptist introduces Jesus as 'the Lamb of God, who ...
Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 6 – Romans
Context Paul teaches in Romans that the universal sinfulness of humankind provokes ...
Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 7 – Galatians
Galatians 3:10-13 The image of the crucifixion at 'hanging on a tree' in Acts ...
Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 8 – 1 Peter
Christ bore our sins in his body, 1 Pet 2:21-25 The suffering of Christ is ...
How old is the doctrine of penal substitutionary atonement?
It is often thought (and taught) that the early church knew nothing of the ...
Must God punish sin?
Few Christians are willing to do any sustained thinking about sin. Of course, ...
Objections to Penal Substitution 1 – Bible
A significant portion of Jeffrey, Ovey & Sach's notable work, Pierced ...
Objections to Penal Substitution 2 – Culture
[Go to list of contents for this series of posts] According to Jeffery, Ovey ...
Objections to penal substitution 3 – violence
Having considered objections to the doctrine of penal substitutionary atonement ...
Objections to penal substitution 4 – justice
Continuing this series that summarises (in order to commend) material within ...
Objections to penal substitution 5 – God
The next set of objections to the doctrine of penal substitutionary atonement ...
Objections to penal substitution 6 – the Christian life
Here's the last in this series, summarising responses to objections to the ...
Puritans on penal substitution
In chapter 15 of The Atonement Debate (2008), Stephen Holmes gives an account ...
Substutionary atonement: a note to preachers
Critics of the doctrine of penal substitution, as well as a number of its more ...
The self-substitution of God
How can we, who are so deeply unholy and unrighteous, be reconciled with God, ...