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Walking With Giants

Bible, Theology, Preaching

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  • Bible Study Notes
    • Introductory
      • Types of Literature in the Bible
      • What is the shape of the Bible’s story?
      • The canon of Scripture
    • Old Testament
      • General
        • Historical Difficulties
        • The Old Testament story – chart
      • Genesis (intro)
        • Genesis 1
        • Genesis 2
        • Genesis 3
        • Genesis 4
        • Genesis 5
        • Genesis 6
        • Genesis 7
        • Genesis 8
        • Genesis 9
        • Genesis 10
        • Genesis 11
        • Genesis 12
        • Genesis 13
        • Genesis 14
        • Genesis 15
        • Genesis 16
        • Genesis 17
        • Genesis 18
        • Genesis 19
        • Genesis 20
        • Genesis 21
        • Genesis 22
        • Genesis 23
        • Genesis 24
        • Genesis 25
        • Genesis 26
        • Genesis 27
        • Genesis 28
        • Genesis 29
        • Genesis 30
        • Genesis 32
        • Genesis 33
        • Genesis 35
        • Genesis 36
        • Genesis 37
        • Genesis 39
        • Genesis 49
        • Genesis 50
      • Exodus (intro)
        • Exodus 1
        • Exodus 2
        • Exodus 3
        • Exodus 4
        • Exodus 5
        • Exodus 6
        • Exodus 7
        • Exodus 8
        • Exodus 9
        • Exodus 10
        • Exodus 11
        • Exodus 12
        • Exodus 13
        • Exodus 14
        • Exodus 15
        • Exodus 16
        • Exodus 17
        • Exodus 18
        • Exodus 20
        • Exodus 21
        • Exodus 22
        • Exodus 23
        • Exodus 24
        • Exodus 25
        • Exodus 26
        • Exodus 27
        • Exodus 28
        • Exodus 29
        • Exodus 32
        • Exodus 33
        • Exodus 34
        • Exodus 40
      • Leviticus
        • Leviticus 13
        • Leviticus 16
        • Leviticus 18
        • Leviticus 19
        • Leviticus 20
      • Numbers
        • Numbers 1
        • Numbers 2
        • Numbers 3
        • Numbers 5
        • Numbers 6
        • Number 10
        • Numbers 11
        • Numbers 13
        • Numbers 14
        • Numbers 15
        • Numbers 21
        • Numbers 22
        • Numbers 24
        • Numbers 31
        • Numbers 33
      • Deuteronomy (intro)
        • Deuteronomy 3
        • Deuteronomy 5
        • Deuteronomy 6
        • Deuteronomy 7
        • Deuteronomy 8
        • Deuteronomy 10
        • Deuteronomy 14
        • Deuteronomy 16
        • Deuteronomy 18
        • Deuteronomy 20
        • Deuteronomy 21
        • Deuteronomy 22
        • Deuteronomy 23
        • Deuteronomy 24
        • Deuteronomy 28
        • Deuteronomy 29
        • Deuteronomy 31
        • Deuteronomy 32
      • Joshua
        • Introduction
        • Joshua 1
        • Joshua 2
        • Joshua 3
        • Joshua 4
        • Joshua 5
        • Joshua 6
        • Joshua 7
        • Joshua 8
        • Joshua 9
        • Joshua 10
        • Joshua 11
        • Joshua 23
        • Joshua 24
      • Judges (intro)
        • Intro
        • Judges 3
        • Judges 5
        • Judges 6
        • Judges 11
        • Judges 13
        • Judges 19
      • Ruth
        • Intro
        • Ruth 1
        • Ruth 2
        • Ruth 3
        • Ruth 4
      • 1 Samuel
        • 1 Samuel 1
        • 1 Samuel 2
        • 1 Samuel 3
        • 1 Samuel 4
        • 1 Samuel 5
        • 1 Samuel 6
        • 1 Samuel 7
        • 1 Samuel 8
        • 1 Samuel 9
        • 1 Samuel 10
        • 1 Samuel 13
        • 1 Samuel 15
        • 1 Samuel 16
        • 1 Samuel 17
        • 1 Samuel 18
        • 1 Samuel 20
        • 1 Samuel 24
        • 1 Samuel 25
      • 2 Samuel
        • 2 Samuel 1
        • 2 Samuel 5
        • 2 Samuel 7
        • 2 Samuel 9
        • 2 Samuel 11
        • 2 Samuel 12
        • 2 Samuel 16
        • 2 Samuel 21
        • 2 Samuel 24
      • 1 Kings
        • 1 Kings 6
        • 1 Kings 7
        • 1 Kings 9
        • 1 Kings 11
        • 1 Kings 12
        • 1 Kings 18
        • 1 Kings 19
        • 1 Kings 21
        • 1 Kings 20
        • 1 Kings 22
      • 2 Kings
        • 2 Kings 2
        • 2 Kings 3
        • 2 Kings 4
        • 2 Kings 5
        • 2 Kings 6
        • 2 Kings 10
        • 2 Kings 15
        • 2 Kings 20
        • 2 Kings 22
        • 2 Kings 23
      • 1 Chronicles
        • Introduction
        • 1 Chronicles 3
        • 1 Chronicles 21
        • 1 Chronicles 29
      • 2 Chronicles
        • 2 Chronicles 7
        • 2 Chronicles 31
        • 2 Chronicles 32
        • 2 Chronicles 35
      • Nehemiah
        • Introduction
        • Nehemiah 2
        • Nehemiah 3
        • Nehemiah 8
        • Nehemiah 11
        • Nehemiah 12
        • Nehemiah 13
      • Esther
        • Introduction
        • Esther 1
        • Esther 2
        • Esther 3
        • Esther 4
        • Esther 5
        • Esther 6
        • Esther 7
        • Esther 8
        • Esther 9
        • Esther 10
      • Job – intro
        • Job 1
        • Job 2
        • Job 26
        • Job 38
      • Psalms (intro)
        • Psalm 1
        • Psalm 2
        • Psalm 3
        • Psalm 4
        • Psalm 5
        • Psalm 6
        • Psalm 7
        • Psalm 8
        • Psalm 9
        • Psalm 10
        • Psalm 11
        • Psalm 12
        • Psalm 13
        • Psalm 14
        • Psalm 15
        • Psalm 16
        • Psalm 17
        • Psalm 18
        • Psalm 19
        • Psalm 20
        • Psalm 21
        • Psalm 22
        • Psalm 23
        • Psalm 24
        • Psalm 25
        • Psalm 26
        • Psalm 27
        • Psalm 28
        • Psalm 31
        • Psalm 32
        • Psalm 34
        • Psalm 36
        • Psalm 37
        • Psalm 39
        • Psalm 45
        • Psalm 46
        • Psalm 50
        • Psalm 51
        • Psalm 53
        • Psalm 62
        • Psalm 65
        • Psalm 66
        • Psalm 68
        • Psalm 72
        • Psalm 73
        • Psalm 77
        • Psalm 78
        • Psalm 79
        • Psalm 82
        • Psalm 84
        • Psalm 85
        • Psalm 86
        • Psalm 88
        • Psalm 89
        • Psalm 90
        • Psalm 91
        • Psalm 92
        • Psalm 95
        • Psalm 98
        • Psalm 100
        • Psalm 103
        • Psalm 104
        • Psalm 105
        • Psalm 106
        • Psalm 107
        • Psalm 110
        • Psalm 112
        • Psalm 119
        • Psalm 121
        • Psalm 122
        • Psalm 123
        • Psalm 126
        • Psalm 130
        • Psalm 137
        • Psalm 139
        • Psalm 147
        • Psalm 150
      • Proverbs (intro)
        • Proverbs 1
        • Proverbs 3
        • Proverbs 4
        • Proverbs 5
        • Proverbs 6
        • Proverbs 8
        • Proverbs 9
        • Proverbs 13
        • Proverbs 14
        • Proverbs 15
        • Proverbs 16
        • Proverbs 18
        • Proverbs 19
        • Proverbs 20
        • Proverbs 22
        • Proverbs 23
        • Proverbs 25
        • Proverbs 26
        • Proverbs 26
        • Proverbs 27
        • Proverbs 29
        • Proverbs 30
        • Proverbs 31
      • Ecclesiastes (intro)
        • Ecclesiastes 1
        • Ecclesiastes 2
        • Ecclesiastes 3
        • Ecclesiastes 4
        • Ecclesiastes 8
        • Ecclesiastes 9
        • Ecclesiastes 10
        • Ecclesiastes 11
        • Ecclesiastes 12
      • Song of Songs (intro)
        • Song of Songs 1
        • Song of Songs 2
        • Song of Songs 3
        • Song of Songs 5
        • Song of Songs 7
        • Song of Songs 8
      • Isaiah (intro)
        • Isaiah 1
        • Isaiah 2
        • Isaiah 6
        • Isaiah 7
        • Isaiah 8
        • Isaiah 9
        • Isaiah 10
        • Isaiah 11
        • Isaiah 13
        • Isaiah 14
        • Isaiah 19
        • Isaiah 20
        • Isaiah 25
        • Isaiah 27
        • Isaiah 39
        • Isaiah 40
        • Isaiah 41
        • Isaiah 42
        • Isaiah 43
        • Isaiah 44
        • Isaiah 45
        • Isaiah 48
        • Isaiah 49
        • Isaiah 50
        • Isaiah 51
        • Isaiah 52
        • Isaiah 53
        • Isaiah 55
        • Isaiah 56
        • Isaiah 58
        • Isaiah 59
        • Isaiah 61
        • Isaiah 62
        • Isaiah 63
        • Isaiah 64
        • Isaiah 65
        • Isaiah 66
      • Jeremiah
        • Introduction
        • Jeremiah 1
        • Jeremiah 2
        • Jeremiah 5
        • Jeremiah 6
        • Jeremiah 7
        • Jeremiah 8
        • Jeremiah 11
        • Jeremiah 13
        • Jeremiah 18
        • Jeremiah 22
        • Jeremiah 23
        • Jeremiah 26
        • Jeremiah 27
        • Jeremiah 28
        • Jeremiah 29
        • Jeremiah 31
        • Jeremiah 33
        • Jeremiah 36
        • Jeremiah 40
      • Ezekiel
        • Ezekiel 1
        • Ezekiel 2
        • Ezekiel 3
        • Ezekiel 8
        • Ezekiel 20
        • Ezekiel 36
        • Ezekiel 37
        • Ezekiel 43
      • Daniel
        • Introduction
        • Daniel 1
        • Daniel 2
        • Daniel 5
        • Daniel 6
        • Daniel 7
        • Daniel 11
        • Daniel 12
      • Hosea
        • Hosea 1
        • Hosea 4
        • Hosea 6
        • Hosea 11
        • Hosea 13
      • Joel
        • Joel 1
        • Joel 2
        • Joel 3
      • Amos
        • Introduction
        • Amos 1
        • Amos 2
        • Amos 3
        • Amos 4
        • Amos 5
        • Amos 8
      • Obadiah
        • Obadiah 1
      • Jonah – intro
        • Jonah 1
        • Jonah 2
        • Jonah 3
        • Jonah 4
      • Micah – intro
        • Micah 1
        • Micah 2
        • Micah 3
        • Micah 6
        • Micah 7
      • Nahum
        • Nahum 1
        • Nahum 2
        • Nahum 3
      • Habakkuk
        • Introduction
        • Habakkuk 1
        • Habakkuk 2
        • Habakkuk 3
      • Haggai
        • Haggai 1
        • Haggai 2
      • Zechariah
        • Zechariah 1
        • Zechariah 8
        • Zechariah 13
      • Malachi
        • Malachi 1
        • Malachi 2
        • Malachi 3
        • Malachi 4
    • New Testament
      • General
        • Introduction
        • Pseudonymity
        • Canonical Order of NT Books
        • Historical Difficulties
      • Matthew
        • Matthew 1
        • Matthew 2
        • Matthew 3
        • Matthew 4
        • Matthew 5
        • Matthew 6
        • Matthew 7
        • Matthew 8
        • Matthew 9
        • Matthew 10
        • Matthew 11
        • Matthew 12
        • Matthew 13
        • Matthew 14
        • Matthew 15
        • Matthew 16
        • Matthew 17
        • Matthew 18
        • Matthew 19
        • Matthew 20
        • Matthew 21
        • Matthew 22
        • Matthew 23
        • Matthew 24
        • Matthew 25
        • Matthew 26
        • Matthew 27
        • Matthew 28
      • Mark (intro)
        • Mark 1
        • Mark 2
        • Mark 3
        • Mark 4
        • Mark 5
        • Mark 6
        • Mark 7
        • Mark 8
        • Mark 9
        • Mark 10
        • Mark 11
        • Mark 12
        • Mark 13
        • Mark 14
        • Mark 15
        • Mark 16
      • Luke (intro)
        • Luke 1
        • Luke 2
        • Luke 3
        • Luke 4
        • Luke 5
        • Luke 6
        • Luke 7
        • Luke 8
        • Luke 9
        • Luke 10
        • Luke 11
        • Luke 12
        • Luke 13
        • Luke 14
        • Luke 15
        • Luke 16
        • Luke 17
        • Luke 18
        • Luke 19
        • Luke 20
        • Luke 21
        • Luke 22
        • Luke 23
        • Luke 24
      • John (intro)
        • John 1
        • John 2
        • John 3
        • John 4
        • John 5
        • John 6
        • John 7
        • John 8
        • John 9
        • John 10
        • John 11
        • John 12
        • John 13
        • John 14
        • John 15
        • John 16
        • John 17
        • John 18
        • John 19
        • John 20
        • John 21
      • Acts (intro)
        • Acts 1
        • Acts 2
        • Acts 3
        • Acts 4
        • Acts 5
        • Acts 6
        • Acts 7
        • Acts 8
        • Acts 9
        • Acts 10
        • Acts 11
        • Acts 12
        • Acts 13
        • Acts 14
        • Acts 15
        • Acts 16
        • Acts 17
        • Acts 18
        • Acts 19
        • Acts 20
        • Acts 21
        • Acts 22
        • Acts 23
        • Acts 24
        • Acts 25
        • Acts 26
        • Acts 27
        • Acts 28
      • Romans (intro)
        • Romans 1
        • Romans 2
        • Romans 3
        • Romans 4
        • Romans 5
        • Romans 6
        • Romans 7
        • Romans 8
        • Romans 9
        • Romans 10
        • Romans 11
        • Romans 12
        • Romans 13
        • Romans 14
        • Romans 15
        • Romans 16
      • 1 Corinthians (intro)
        • 1 Corinthians 1
        • 1 Corinthians 2
        • 1 Corinthians 3
        • 1 Corinthians 4
        • 1 Corinthians 5
        • 1 Corinthians 6
        • 1 Corinthians 7
        • 1 Corinthians 8
        • 1 Corinthians 9
        • 1 Corinthians 10
        • 1 Corinthians 11
        • 1 Corinthians 12
        • 1 Corinthians 13
        • 1 Corinthians 14
        • 1 Corinthians 15
        • 1 Corinthians 16
      • 2 Corinthians (intro)
        • 2 Corinthians 1
        • 2 Corinthians 2
        • 2 Corinthians 3
        • 2 Corinthians 4
        • 2 Corinthians 5
        • 2 Corinthians 6
        • 2 Corinthians 7
        • 2 Corinthians 8
        • 2 Corinthians 9
        • 2 Corinthians 10
        • 2 Corinthians 11
        • 2 Corinthians 12
        • 2 Corinthians 13
      • Galatians (intro)
        • Galatians 1
        • Galatians 2
        • Galatians 3
        • Galatians 4
        • Galatians 5
        • Galatians 6
      • Ephesians (intro)
        • Ephesians 1
        • Ephesians 2
        • Ephesians 3
        • Ephesians 4
        • Ephesians 5
        • Ephesians 6
      • Philippians
        • Philippians 1
        • Philippians 2
        • Philippians 3
        • Philippians 4
      • Colossians (intro)
        • Colossians 1
        • Colossians 2
        • Colossians 3
        • Colossians 4
      • 1 Thessalonians (intro)
        • 1 Thessalonians 1
        • 1 Thessalonians 2
        • 1 Thessalonians 3
        • 1 Thessalonians 4
        • 1 Thessalonians 5
      • 2 Thessalonians
        • 2 Thessalonians 1
        • 2 Thessalonians 2
        • 2 Thessalonians 3
      • 1 Timothy
        • 1 Timothy 1
        • 1 Timothy 2
        • 1 Timothy 3
        • 1 Timothy 4
        • 1 Timothy 5
        • 1 Timothy 6
      • 2 Timothy
        • 2 Timothy 1
        • 2 Timothy 2
        • 2 Timothy 3
        • 2 Timothy 4
      • Titus
        • Titus 1
        • Titus 2
        • Titus 3
      • Philemon
        • Philemon 1
      • Hebrews (intro)
        • Hebrews 1
        • Hebrews 2
        • Hebrews 3
        • Hebrews 4
        • Hebrews 5
        • Hebrews 6
        • Hebrews 7
        • Hebrews 8
        • Hebrews 9
        • Hebrews 10
        • Hebrews 11
        • Hebrews 12
        • Hebrews 13
      • James (intro)
        • James 1
        • James 2
        • James 3
        • James 4
        • James 5
      • 1 Peter (intro)
        • 1 Peter 1
        • 1 Peter 2
        • 1 Peter 3
        • 1 Peter 4
        • 1 Peter 5
      • 2 Peter (intro)
        • 2 Peter 1
        • 2 Peter 2
        • 2 Peter 3
      • 1 John (intro)
        • 1 John 1
        • 1 John 2
        • 1 John 3
        • 1 John 4
        • 1 John 5
      • 2 John
      • Jude
        • Jude 1
      • Revelation (intro)
        • Revelation 1
        • Revelation 2
        • Revelation 3
        • Revelation 4
        • Revelation 5
        • Revelation 6
        • Revelation 7
        • Revelation 8
        • Revelation 9
        • Revelation 10
        • Revelation 11
        • Revelation 12
        • Revelation 13
        • Revelation 14
        • Revelation 15
        • Revelation 16
        • Revelation 17
        • Revelation 18
        • Revelation 19
        • Revelation 20
        • Revelation 21
        • Revelation 22

Pierced For Our Transgressions (Ovey et al)

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Substutionary atonement: a note to preachers

Walking With Giants Posted on January 8, 2011 by adminMarch 8, 2019

Critics of the doctrine of penal substitution, as well as a number of its more thoughtful supporters, have commented that the illustrations of it that preachers use are often misleading or even inept.

Tom Smail, for example, says that the story of ‘the judge who pronounces sentence on the criminal and then divests himself of his robe, comes down from his judgement seat and says, “I will bear this punishment in your place” is, in terms of justice, a quite scandalous story.’…

Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 8 – 1 Peter

Walking With Giants Posted on January 25, 2009 by adminOctober 30, 2019

Christ bore our sins in his body, 1 Pet 2:21-25

The suffering of Christ is certainly presented in these verses as exemplary, but this does not exhaust the meaning.  For one thing, there are clear allusions to Isa 53, and to the Suffering Servant from whose sufferings we benefit.  The ‘bearing’ of sins in Isa 53 implies the bearing of punishment.  And the echo of Isa 53:5 in ‘by his wounds you have been healed’ highlight the fact that he suffered so that we might not – substitutionary atonement indeed. …

Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 7 – Galatians

Walking With Giants Posted on January 25, 2009 by adminSeptember 3, 2017

Galatians 3:10-13

The image of the crucifixion at ‘hanging on a tree’ in Acts 5:30; 10:39; 13:29 evokes the words of Deuteronomy 21:25 – ‘anyone who is hung on a tree is under God’s curse’.

This raises the question, ‘Why would the sinless Christ be curses by God?’  Gal 3:10-13 supplies the answer.

The argument is simple: Jesus bore the curse that was due to others, thereby redeeming them from that curse.  He bore the penalty in our place.…

Posted in Atonement, New Perspective on Paul, Substitution, Wright, N.T.

Biblical foundations of penal substitution 6 – Romans

Walking With Giants Posted on January 24, 2009 by adminJune 14, 2020

Context

Paul teaches in Romans that the universal sinfulness of humankind provokes God’s righteous anger.  This has both a present (Rom 1:18) and a future (Rom 2:5) aspect.

Moroever, Rom 1-3 makes it clear that God’s wrath is personal and active, and not merely the impersonal outworking of some inevitable process of cause and effect, as C.H. Dodd and others have taught.  It is God’s wrath and it is from heaven (Rom 1:18).  It is God’s judgment, Rom 2:5f, 16; 3:5, and God’s verdict, Rom 2:26; 3:7; 3:19. …

Posted in Atonement, Penal substitution, Substitution

Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 5 – John’s Gospel

Walking With Giants Posted on January 21, 2009 by adminSeptember 3, 2017

The Lamb of God

John the Baptist introduces Jesus as ‘the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world’ (Jn 1:29).  Later, a link is made between Jesus and the lamb sacrificed at Passover.  This amounts to John’s endorsement of the penal substitution categories found in Ex 12.

Deliverance from God’s wrath

In Num 21:4-9, the Lord rescues his people from a punishment he himself had imposed.  John 3:14-18 has a clear echo of this. …

Biblical foundations of penal substitution 4 – Mark

Walking With Giants Posted on January 20, 2009 by adminJune 14, 2020

Mark 10:45 – a ransom for many

Penal substitution is implied in the word lytron (‘ransom’), and suggested by an allusion to Isa 53 and the substitionary work of the Suffering Servant.  ‘The cup I drink’ (Mk 10:38) is, of course, the cup of God’s wrath (Mk 14:36; Psa 75:8; Isa 51:17; Jer 25:15f; Ezek 23:32-34; Hab 2:16).  This cup of wrath, according to the text just cited, is destined for the wicked, but is drunk by Jesus in their place, as ‘a ransom for many’. …

Posted in Atonement, Penal substitution, Substitution

Biblical foundations of penal substitution 3 – Isaiah 53

Walking With Giants Posted on January 19, 2009 by adminNovember 8, 2016

Isaiah 53 (more properly 52:13-53:12) constitutes the fourth ‘Servant Song’.  It has traditionally been regarded as teaching penal substitution, with this teaching fulfilled in the suffering of Jesus.  This interpretation has not gone unchallenged.  R.N. Whybraw, for example, argues that the Servant does not suffer instead of others, as their substitute, but alongside them, as their representative.

But the traditional interpretation is confirmed by the following considerations:-

1.  The Servant suffers ‘for’ others.  There is a repeated contrast between ‘he’, ‘his’, and ‘him’, on the one hand, and ‘we’, ‘us’, ‘we all’ and ‘us all’ on the other. …

Posted in Atonement, Substitution

Biblical Foundations of Penal Substitution 2 – Leviticus 16

Walking With Giants Posted on January 18, 2009 by adminJanuary 3, 2018

The Book of Exodus raises the question, ‘How can a holy God dwell in the midst of a sinful people?’  The Book of Leviticus answers this by saying that the divine/human relationship can been maintained only by sacrifice.

The rituals of the Day of Atonement, Lev 16, are central, and foreshadow Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice (Heb 9-10).  These rituals involved two goats, one of which was sacrificed to the Lord, while the other was driven into the wilderness. …

Posted in Atonement, Substitution

Biblical foundations of penal substitution 1 – Exodus 12

Walking With Giants Posted on December 28, 2008 by adminNovember 8, 2016

“The doctrine of penal substitution states that God gave himself in the person of his Son to suffer instead of us the death, punishment and curse due to fallen humanity as the penalty for sin.”  (Jeffrey, Ovey & Sach, Pierced for our Transgressions, p21).

A while ago, I summarised objections to the doctrine of penal substitutionary atonement as set out and responded to by Jeffrey et al.

I’d now like to examine the biblical basis for this doctrine, using the same authors as guides.…

Posted in Atonement, Substitution

Objections to penal substitution 6 – the Christian life

Walking With Giants Posted on April 7, 2008 by adminDecember 11, 2019

Here’s the last in this series, summarising responses to objections to the doctrine of penal substitutionary atonement that relate to aspects of the Christian life:-

1. ‘Penal substitution fails to address the issues of political and social sin and cosmic evil’

Penal substitution seems occupied with the salvation of the individual but fails to address the need for reconciliation between peoples divided by political, ethnic, economic and social barriers. Nor does it provide for the redemption of the entire cosmos from its fallen state.…

Posted in Atonement, Penal substitution, Substitution

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