Repentance
The first recorded words of Jesus, as he began his public ministry, were:
Mark 1:15 — “The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe the gospel!”
But what does the word ‘repentance’ mean?
Jerome, in the Vulgate, translated μετανοεῖτε as poenitentiam agite (‘do acts of penance’). As Ian Paul notes, this does several things to Jesus’ command:
…it shifts it from being focused on attitude and outlook to being concerned with ritual acts;
it moves it from being a response to God to being set in the context of the institution of the Church (whose priests alone could dispense forgiveness through the rite of penance and confession);
and it became a habitual ritual rather than an urgent response to the ‘end times’ coming of God.




