J. Gresham Machen (1881-1937) was seen as an ally by the fundamentalists, but he did not accept the term for himself. According to John Piper, Machen’s criticisms of fundamentalism were:-

1. the absence of historical perspective;
2. the lack of appreciation of scholarship;
3. the substitution of brief, skeletal creeds for the historic confessions;
4. the lack of concern with precise formulation of Christian doctrine;
5. the pietistic, perfectionist tendencies (i.e., hang ups with smoking, etc.);
6. one-sided other-worldliness (i.e., a lack of effort to transform culture); and
7. a penchant for futuristic chiliasm (or: pre-millenialism).

See the full transcript of Piper’s lecture.